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  • The Nature of Rationality
    The Nature of Rationality

    Repeatedly and successfully, the celebrated Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick has reached out to a broad audience beyond the confines of his discipline, addressing ethical and social problems that matter to every thoughtful person.Here Nozick continues his search for the connections between philosophy and "ordinary" experience.In the lively and accessible style that his readers have come to expect, he offers a bold theory of rationality, the one characteristic deemed to fix humanity's "specialness." What are principles for? asks Nozick. We could act simply on whim, or maximize our self-interest and recommend that others do the same.As Nozick explores rationality of decision and rationality of belief, he shows how principles actually function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with each other.Throughout, the book combines daring speculations with detailed investigations to portray the nature and status of rationality and the essential role that imagination plays in this singular human aptitude.

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  • Economic Rationality
    Economic Rationality

    Economics used to be called political economy, and the loss of the “political” tracks the ascendance of the idea of rational choice within the discipline.Where does this idea of economic rationality – choosing to maximize benefits and minimize costs – come from?What are the consequences of its rise? In this new book, Stephen Engelmann assesses these questions through a consideration of the often-hidden links between choice and government, ranging from the Benthamic utilitarianism that inspired modern economics to the contemporary economic psychologists trying to nudge everyone to choose more rationally.Multiple global crises are exposing how deficient economic rationality is as a political theory, since a focus on choice turns actors away from relations in the common.Political economy once targeted aristocratic rule – heralding a politics and ethics of egalitarian self-command and spurring democratic reform – but economics allows domination and forecloses alternatives to it. This accessible volume will be of interest to students and scholars of politics and economics, and to general readers concerned about the various ways that psychology and management have infiltrated our politics.

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  • Handbook of Rationality
    Handbook of Rationality


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  • Rationality and Freedom
    Rationality and Freedom

    Rationality and freedom are among the most profound and contentious concepts in philosophy and the social sciences.In two volumes on rationality, freedom, and justice, the distinguished economist and philosopher Amartya Sen brings clarity and insight to these difficult issues.This volume--the first of the two--is principally concerned with rationality and freedom. Sen scrutinizes and departs from the standard criteria of rationality, and shows how it can be seen in terms of subjecting one's values as well as choices to the demands of reason and critical scrutiny.This capacious approach is utilized to illuminate the demands of rationality in individual choice (including decisions under uncertainty) as well as social choice (including cost benefit analysis and environmental assessment). Identifying a reciprocity in the relationship between rationality and freedom, Sen argues that freedom cannot be assessed independently of a person's reasoned preferences and valuations, just as rationality, in turn, requires freedom of thought.Sen uses the discipline of social choice theory (a subject he has helped to develop) to illuminate the demands of reason and the assessment of freedom.The latter is the subject matter of Sen's previously unpublished Arrow Lectures included here. The essays in these volumes contribute to Sen's ongoing transformation of economic theory and social philosophy, and to our understanding of the connections among rationality, freedom, and social justice.

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  • Can one unlearn rationality?

    Rationality is a fundamental aspect of critical thinking and decision-making, so it is not something that can be easily unlearned. However, individuals can be influenced by emotions, biases, and external factors that may cloud their rational judgment. In these cases, it is possible for individuals to work on recognizing and addressing these influences in order to improve their rationality. Through self-awareness, education, and practice, individuals can strengthen their rational thinking skills and make more informed and logical decisions.

  • Why is rationality criticized by society?

    Rationality is often criticized by society because it can be seen as cold, unemotional, and lacking in empathy. Some people believe that rationality can lead to a lack of understanding and consideration for others' feelings and experiences. Additionally, rationality can be seen as limiting creativity and innovation, as it may prioritize logic and reason over intuition and imagination. Finally, some argue that an overemphasis on rationality can lead to a narrow-minded and inflexible approach to problem-solving, ignoring the complexities of human behavior and emotions.

  • Which travel destination causes wanderlust when traveling alone?

    Traveling alone to destinations like Bali, Indonesia, or the Amalfi Coast in Italy can cause wanderlust. These places offer stunning natural beauty, rich cultural experiences, and opportunities for self-discovery. The freedom to explore at your own pace and immerse yourself in the local culture can create a sense of wanderlust and adventure. Additionally, the chance to meet new people and make meaningful connections can add to the allure of these destinations for solo travelers.

  • How much rationality is there in anger?

    Anger is often seen as an emotional response that can cloud rational thinking. However, there can be some rationality in anger as it may be triggered by perceived injustices or violations of one's boundaries. In these cases, anger can serve as a signal that something is wrong and prompt individuals to take action to address the issue. It is important for individuals to acknowledge and understand their anger in order to respond to it in a constructive and rational manner.

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  • Rationality and Time Bias
    Rationality and Time Bias

    We often care not only about what happens to us, but when it happens to us.We prefer that good experiences happen sooner, rather than later, and that our suffering lies in our past, rather than our future.Common sense suggests that some ways of caring about time are rational, and others are not, but it is surprisingly challenging to provide justifying explanations for these tendencies.This Element is an opinionated, non-technical guided tour through the main philosophical issues about the relevance of the temporal location of our experiences to our desires and our choices, and the major arguments for and against different kinds of so-called time bias.

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  • Rationality and Time Bias
    Rationality and Time Bias

    We often care not only about what happens to us, but when it happens to us.We prefer that good experiences happen sooner, rather than later, and that our suffering lies in our past, rather than our future.Common sense suggests that some ways of caring about time are rational, and others are not, but it is surprisingly challenging to provide justifying explanations for these tendencies.This Element is an opinionated, non-technical guided tour through the main philosophical issues about the relevance of the temporal location of our experiences to our desires and our choices, and the major arguments for and against different kinds of so-called time bias.

    Price: 17.00 £ | Shipping*: 3.99 £
  • Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality
    Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality

    Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior.The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought.The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality-a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. ContributorsMaria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R.Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A.Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale

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  • Before Tomorrow : Epigenesis and Rationality
    Before Tomorrow : Epigenesis and Rationality

    Is contemporary continental philosophy making a break with Kant?The structures of knowledge, taken for granted since Kant?s Critique of Pure Reason, are now being called into question: the finitude of the subject, the phenomenal given, a priori synthesis.Relinquish the transcendental: such is the imperative of postcritical thinking in the 21st century. Questions that we no longer thought it possible to ask now reemerge with renewed vigor: can Kant really maintain the difference between a priori and innate?Can he deduce, rather than impose, the categories, or justify the necessity of nature?Recent research into brain development aggravates these suspicions, which measure transcendental idealism against the thesis of a biological origin for cognitive processes. In her important new book Catherine Malabou lays out Kant?s response to his posterity.True to its subject, the book evolves as an epigenesis ? the differentiated growth of the embryo ? for, as those who know how to read critical philosophy affirm, this is the very life of the transcendental and contains the promise of its transformation.

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  • What does Max Weber understand by rationality?

    Max Weber understands rationality as a mode of thinking and decision-making that is based on logical reasoning, calculation, and efficiency. He distinguishes between two types of rationality: substantive rationality, which is focused on achieving specific goals or values, and formal rationality, which is concerned with the most efficient means to achieve those goals. Weber also discusses the concept of rationalization, which refers to the increasing dominance of formal rationality in modern society, leading to the bureaucratization and rationalization of social and economic life. Overall, Weber sees rationality as a key driving force in modern society, shaping the way individuals and institutions operate.

  • Which travel destination do you recommend for an adventure vacation in 2022?

    I recommend Iceland as a travel destination for an adventure vacation in 2022. With its stunning landscapes including volcanoes, glaciers, hot springs, and waterfalls, Iceland offers a wide range of outdoor activities such as hiking, glacier trekking, snorkeling in crystal-clear waters, and exploring ice caves. Additionally, you can witness the mesmerizing Northern Lights during the winter months. Iceland's unique natural beauty and thrilling adventures make it a perfect choice for an unforgettable adventure vacation in 2022.

  • What is the pseudo-rationality about Asperger's autists?

    Pseudo-rationality in the context of Asperger's autists refers to the tendency for individuals with Asperger's syndrome to exhibit a strong adherence to logic and reason, often at the expense of social and emotional understanding. This can manifest as a focus on factual information and a preference for clear, concrete rules and systems. While this pseudo-rationality can be a strength in certain contexts, it can also lead to difficulties in understanding and navigating social interactions and emotions. It's important to recognize and support the unique strengths and challenges of individuals with Asperger's syndrome.

  • How can one easily explain Habermas's communicative rationality?

    One can easily explain Habermas's communicative rationality by understanding it as a theory that emphasizes the importance of communication and dialogue in the formation of rational consensus. According to Habermas, communicative rationality is achieved through open and inclusive discourse, where individuals engage in rational argumentation and seek mutual understanding. This process allows for the negotiation of differing perspectives and the development of shared norms and values. Ultimately, communicative rationality aims to create a more just and democratic society by fostering rational communication and decision-making.

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